7BOBO-dHHHHHH-xH--B - -Zl`3xHH(FG(HH(d'@-lA/FF;$*-- * **P*- F-49v -`!(}DSET5D?2-0-P-Xy-<-vy--vy-H-v y-8-v.y--vy--v5y--v]y--vy-l-vy--v y--v$Ky--v' y-\-v(y-,l+y-.n.y--x2xy--x5y--v9y-$-v<&y-,l?y- '()CefghijklmnlmnZ[\]^<=>?@AB}~*Hf9:     9 : ; + , - . / I J K t u v w x '()*+,-.\]^rstuvwx 6789:;<=>?YZ[5uvwxUVWXYZtuvRSTUVWXYZ[\]-./klmnop234567234]^_+,-./KLMNOPQ e f g h i j k !H!o!!!!!"S"T"U"V"W"X"Y"Z""""""#Q#R#S#T#U#o#p#q###$ $ $ $ $$$J$K$$$$$%%%}%~%%%%%&&& & & & & &'&(&)&R&S&T&U&V&&&&&&&''''' ''''''((((0(1(2(3(4(((((((((((((((((((((((((((()))))))*~*************+:+;+<+=+>+?+@+{+|+}+~+++++++++,,,,,--A-_-----------.....q.r.s.t.u.v.w............000{0|0}0~001t1u1v1w1x1y1z11111111212223242526272r2s2t2u2v2w2x444V4W4X4Y4Z4[4444445555;5<5=5>5?55555555555555556h6i7 7 7 7777777777788888 8 8$8%8&8O8P8Q8R8S8888888999:Q:R::::::;F;G;H;I;J;K;L;x;y;z;{;|;};~;;;;;;<<<< >>>>>>>>>>>>>>?\?]?^?_?`?a?b???????????????????????????????????    f l         = @             /  u  w   ) . ^    s  ?   5 Z    T  ,       L          !J !T !W !q #U $I &  &S &U '  ' (1 (3 ( ) ) *K *L * * * + + + + , , , , , , - . . . . /U /V 1z 1 1 2w 37 39 4 5< 5> 5 8  8P 8R 9 < < = = = = => =@ =A =B =e =g =h =i > > ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -d-|- -d--5-0-D/---L#,-T&-*-P.-h2-6-:u-=Sv- UNIT 12: USING SCIENTIFIC NOTATION EVEN QUESTIONS 2-40 2. Some home heaters have been found to produce pollutants into the room air. A maximum accepted level of carbon monoxide, for example, has been suggested to be about 9 parts per million. For nitrogen dioxide a value of about 0.05 parts per million has been suggested. Express each of these concentrations as a percentage, in scientific notation. What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 4. A phonograph needle is essentially a smooth round surface. A particular needle is 0.02 cm wide. A measurement of the tracking force on a phonograph record yields 15 grams. a. The needle tip is essentially half of a sphere. Convert the diameter of the half-sphere to inches. What is the surface area of the tip of the needle, in square inches? (Express your answer in scientific notation.) b. Convert the tracking force to pounds of force. (Express your answer in scientific notation.) c. Divide the tracking force by the area of the needle tip to find the pressure exerted by the needle on the phonograph record (in pounds per square inch, or psi). What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 6. A recent report of the leading corn-growing states showed the following annual amounts grown for grain: State Annual growth (bushels) Iowa 1,739,900,000 Illinois 1,452,540,000 Nebraska 802,700,000 Minnesota 744,700,000 Indiana 654,000,000 Wisconsin 378,000,000 Ohio 360,000,000 Michigan 273,600,000 Missouri 213,400,000 South Dakota 180,000,000 a. What is the total corn produced by these states? (Express your answer in scientific notation.) b. If each bushel is about 56 pounds, how many pounds of corn did these states produce? c. The annual production of the entire country was reported as being 8,201,000,000 bushels. How many bushels were produced by states not shown in the above list? (Express your answer in scientific notation.) What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 8. You farm about 175 acres in an area that needs irrigation. The typical monthly rainfall for the spring is normally about 7 inches. This is equivalent to water at a depth of 7 inches over your entire 175 acres. a. How many square feet does your land cover? b. Convert this to square inches, and multiply by the 7-inch depth of rainfall to obtain the cubic inches of rainfall on your acreage. (Express your answer in scientific notation.) c. If you had to irrigate this amount of water, how many gallons of water would you have to use? What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 10. In one region of Hong Kong, China, there are 55,000 persons living on an area of about 24 acres. a. Convert the 24 acres to square feet. (Express your answer in scientific notation.) b. On the average, how many people are there in each square foot of space in this region? c. Multiply the answer to Part b by the number of square miles per square foot to determine about how many people are living in each square mile in this region. d. Repeat the above calculations using the population for your city or town, and the size of your town. How does this compare to the area where you live? What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 12. A newspaper company uses a process that consumes 0.17 pounds of ink for every 1000 pages of print. The newspaper produces about 550 pages per week, with a distribution that averages about 130,000 per day. a. What is the amount of ink on each page of newsprint (on the average)? (Express your answer in scientific notation.) b. What is the approximate total number of pages of newsprint produced during a week? (Express your answer in scientific notation.) c. About how much ink should be used during a weeks printing? (Express your answer in both scientific notation and standard notation?) What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 14. A newspaper reports that the average price of a new home, across the nation, is $93,000. The report estimates that 65,000 new homes were sold nationwide during a recent period. a. Approximately how much money was invested in new homes during this period? (Express your answer in scientific notation.) b. A friend quips that megabucks are being spent on new homes. Using your knowledge of prefixes, and powers of ten, is your friend right, using the term megabucks? If so, how many megabucks is it? What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 16. A portion of a computer printout has been formatted to display its values in scientific notation, as shown below, to use less space on the printout. Place computer printout, page 39, here. a. What is the total of the three figures reported above? b. The data apparently has been rounded off somewhat. Write each of the three numbers in standard notation and indicate where you think the rounding occurred in each number. c. Suppose that someone wanted to see more digits, that is, less rounding. They suggest reporting the inventory in terms of thousand units. Rewrite the data shown above, in terms of thousand units. What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 18. A report states that credit card users charged a total of $150 billion during a year. During the reported time period, lenders collected a total of about $12.6 billion in interest on outstanding charges. a. Express each of the dollar figures above in scientific notation. b. What percent of the charged amount is the interest amount collected by the lenders? What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 20. A warehouse has 7 modules, each one with 8 rows of 120 bays. Each bay holds 25 pallets. Each pallet contains 40 tires, each tire averaging 35 pounds. Approximately how many pounds of tires can the warehouse hold? (Express your answer in scientific notation.) What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 22. A group of researchers conducted independent studies of a bacterium. The researchers reported the average length of the bacteria to be: Researcher Average reported length A 0.001633 micrometers B 1.542 nanometers C 0.001491 micrometers D 1584 picometers a. Express each of the above measurements in scientific notation with units of meters. b. Determine the average of the four researchers results. (Express your answer in scientific notation.) c. How far apart are the largest and smallest reported result? (This is called the  range of the reported results. What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 24. Three samples are weighed on an electonic balance. The samples weigh 0.052476 grams, 0.052482 grams, and 0.052490 grams. a. Express each weight in scientific notation. b. What is the difference between the largest and smallest samples? (Express your answer in scientific notation.) c. What is the prefix that denotes the smallest increment of weight that is reported using this balance (the last digit)? What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 26. Cosmic rays that enter the earths atmosphere from outer space typically have an energy of about 2 GeV, or 2 giga-electron volts. Express the energy of these rays in electron volts (eV) using scientific notation. What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 28. For relatively low temperatures, a thermocouple made with lead and gold wires produces 2.90 microvolts for each degree Celsius (using 0oC as the reference). a. Express the voltage as volts per degree Celsius in scientific notation. b. What voltage would you expect from a thermocouple experiencing a temperature of 15oC? (Express your answer in scientific notation.) What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 30. Radio and television frequencies are given in hertz, or cycles per second. Listed below are some frequencies for other common forms of electromagnetism. Use the prefixes to convert each frequency to scientific notation with units of Hz. Type broadcast Frequency Household electricity 60 Hz AM radio 1080 kHz (kilohertz) Short-wave radio 10 MHz (megahertz) FM radio 102 MHz (megahertz) Radar 8 GHz (gigahertz) Microwave communication 12 GHz (giga hertz) Visible light 400 THz (terahertz) What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 32. A common measure applied to solutions is its pH - a measure of the hydrogen- ion activity of a solution. The hydrogen activity of pure water at 25oC is 0.0000001 moles per liter. A highly acidic solution has 1.0 mole per liter of hydrogen activity, while a highly basic solution has an activity of 0.00000000000001 moles per liter. a. Express each of the three hydrogen activities given above in scientific notation. b. The pH value of a solution is simply the exponent of ten of the measure of its hydrogen activity. What is the pH value associated with the highly acidic solution above? with the pure water? with the highly basic solution? What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 34. Steel is very strong, but can be stretched when a stress is applied. From a table of the modulus of elasticity for various materials you can find that steel has a modulus of 30 x 106 pounds per square inch. The elongation (or lengthening because of stress) of a steel beam can then be calculated by multiplying the length of the beam by the stress (in psi) and dividing by the modulus of elasticity. a. Convert the length of a 12-foot steel beam to inches. b. Suppose a stress of 5000 psi is applied to the beam. Compute the elongation of the beam. (Express your answer in scientific notation.) What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 36. An elevator with a mass of 1200 kg (2640 lb) is lifted upward at a constant speed of 2.0 meters per second. a. Multiply the mass of the elevator by 9.8 newtons per kg to find the force needed to lift the elevator. (Express your answer in scientific notation.) b. Multiply the force by the speed to find the power (in watts) needed to lift this elevator at this speed. c. Power is commonly reported in kilowatts (kW). How many kilowatts of power are needed to lift this elevator? What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): 38. A warehouse module is to be equipped with exhaust fans. The module is 500 feet wide and 700 feet long, and has a ceiling that is 25 feet high. Each fan can move 500 cubic feet per minute. An air exchange of 3 times per hour is desired (that is, the volume of air in the module needs to be replaced 3 times each hour). a. What is the volume of the warehouse module, in cubic feet? (Express your answer in scientific notation.) b. What is the uvolume of air that should be exchanged each hour? (Express your answer in scientific notation.) c. What volume would this be each minute? d. How many of the 500-cfm fans are needed to move this air? e. What effect would material stored inside the module have on this calculation? 40. A wire-wound resistor with a resistance of 1 ohm (1 ) is needed. You have a supply of 8-gauge, 24-guage, and 36-guage copper wire that has a resistivity of 1.72 x 10-8 m. The cross-sectional area of th 8-gauge wire is 8.367 x 10-6m2, of the 24-gauge wire is 2.048 x 10-7m2, and of the 36-gvauge is 1.267 x 10-8m2. a. Compute the resistance per meter of each gauge wire by dividing the resistivity by its cross-sectional area. b. Use the resistance per meter computed in Part a to determine what length of wire would be needed to obtain the desired resistance of 1 , for each wire gauge. What are you looking for? What do you need to answer the question? Write out the methods that you will use to solve the problem and show your work in calculating the answer(s). Your answer(s) are (make sure the units used are correct): DSET|(H->"9 *6*>"9DSET(H-\9>96*=9DSETR ---`-    -8Unit 12 Even Questions